Names and Historical Background
At the time the Dutch government came to power in the area of Papua through the early 1960s the name used to call the Islands of Biak-Numfor is Eilanden Schouten, according to the name of the first European to a Dutch national, who visited this area in the early 17th century. Other names are often found in old reports for local residents and these islands are Numfor or Wiak. W phoneme in the word actually comes from phoneme wiak v which later turned into a cud b so comes the word as used today. Two of the last name that was later combined into one name that is Biak-Numfor, with a horizontal line between the two words as a hyphen between the two word, used officially to name the area and people who inhabit the islands located in the north Gulf Cenderawasih it. In everyday conversation people only use Biak name that contains the same meaning as mentioned above.
About the origin of the name and meaning of the word is there are several opinions. The first is that the name derived from Biak v `IAK said that at first it was a word used to name the people who reside in rural areas these islands. The word implies the people who lived in the jungle `,` people `not good marine, such as incompetent catch fish in the sea, not very good at sailing at sea and across the vast ocean, and others. The name was given by residents of coastal islands that do have high proficiency in maritime matters. Even though the name was at first insulted implies a certain population groups, the name was later accepted and used as the official name for the population and area.
At the time the Dutch government came to power in the area of Papua through the early 1960s the name used to call the Islands of Biak-Numfor is Eilanden Schouten, according to the name of the first European to a Dutch national, who visited this area in the early 17th century. Other names are often found in old reports for local residents and these islands are Numfor or Wiak. W phoneme in the word actually comes from phoneme wiak v which later turned into a cud b so comes the word as used today. Two of the last name that was later combined into one name that is Biak-Numfor, with a horizontal line between the two words as a hyphen between the two word, used officially to name the area and people who inhabit the islands located in the north Gulf Cenderawasih it. In everyday conversation people only use Biak name that contains the same meaning as mentioned above.
About the origin of the name and meaning of the word is there are several opinions. The first is that the name derived from Biak v `IAK said that at first it was a word used to name the people who reside in rural areas these islands. The word implies the people who lived in the jungle `,` people `not good marine, such as incompetent catch fish in the sea, not very good at sailing at sea and across the vast ocean, and others. The name was given by residents of coastal islands that do have high proficiency in maritime matters. Even though the name was at first insulted implies a certain population groups, the name was later accepted and used as the official name for the population and area.
Another
opinion, comes from the testimony of an oral folk tale of myth, which
tells that the name came from residents who leave the clan Burdam Biak
Island due to their quarrels with the citizens Mandowen clan. According
to myth, the residents decided to leave to leave the clan Burdam
Warmambo Island (the original name of the island of Biak) to settle in a
place far away so that the island Warmambo lost from sight. So they set off, but every time they looked back they saw the island Warmambo visible above sea level. This situation causes them to say, `v` IAK wer, or `v` IAK `, meaning he appeared again. V
`IAK said this was later used by those who went to call the Island
Warmambo and until now the name that is still used (Kamma 1978:29-33).
Biak word was officially adopted as the name to refer to the area and its inhabitants, namely when the establishment of institutions Kainkain Karkara Biak in 1947 (De Bruijn 1965:87). The agency is the development of indigenous institutions kainkain karkara mnu is a traditional institution that has the function of living together in a set called komnunitas mnu or village. Broader explanation about the two institutions provided the principal leadership organization discussed below.
Numfor name derived from the names of islands and island groups Numfor natives. Merger and Numfor Biak name into one name and its use was officially occurs during the formation of institutions at the regional council named the Schouten Islands Council of Biak-Numfor area in 1959.
In this paper I use the name to refer to the Biak-Numfor geographic regions and local government administration. Biak name used to refer to people who embrace the language and culture Biak who reside in the Islands, Biak-Numfor themselves or who reside in overseas areas are located outside the islands.
About the history of Biak, both historical origins and history of contact with the outside world, unknown to many because it is not available a written statement. The only local source that provides information about the origins of the Biak people as well as other tribes in Papua, is a myth. According to the myth of Biak ancestor came from a region located in the east, where the sun rises. The first ancestors came to these islands by boat. There are several versions of the story was the arrival of the first ancestors. One version of the myth was told that the first ancestor of the Biak consists of a husband and wife who swept away by flood water on a boat and when the water receded back stranded on top of a hill which later was named by the two pairs of husband and wife were Sarwambo. The hill is located in the northeastern part of Biak Island (south of the village Korem now). From the hill sarwambo, mining ancestor was with her children moved to the banks of the River Korem and from this last place they meet all the breed-Numfor Biak Islands.
Further on the history of Biak contact with the outside world, either by oral stories about legendary figures Fakoki and Pasrefi and source information from Tidore note that the contact had occurred long before the first Europeans arrived in the area of Papua in the early 16th century (Kamma 1953:151). The relationship took place with residents in coastal areas north of the Bird's Head, the Raja Ampat Islands and the Moluccas Islands residents.
Biak people contacts with people outside it occurs mainly through trade and war expeditions. Evidence seen in the presence of settlements Biak people who until now can be found in various places as mentioned above. Apparently in the days before the arrival of Europeans in the islands of Maluku and Papua in the early 16th century, the Biak people had roamed to various parts of Indonesia either through trade expeditions and wars conducted by the people of Biak alone or together with its allies , for example by Tidore or with Sultanate Sultanate of Ternate. The triumph of Biak people to do various expedition disappeared in the late 15th century (Kamma 1952:151). Not long before the first Europeans arrived in the Moluccas and the Raja Ampat Islands in the early 16th century.
Biak word was officially adopted as the name to refer to the area and its inhabitants, namely when the establishment of institutions Kainkain Karkara Biak in 1947 (De Bruijn 1965:87). The agency is the development of indigenous institutions kainkain karkara mnu is a traditional institution that has the function of living together in a set called komnunitas mnu or village. Broader explanation about the two institutions provided the principal leadership organization discussed below.
Numfor name derived from the names of islands and island groups Numfor natives. Merger and Numfor Biak name into one name and its use was officially occurs during the formation of institutions at the regional council named the Schouten Islands Council of Biak-Numfor area in 1959.
In this paper I use the name to refer to the Biak-Numfor geographic regions and local government administration. Biak name used to refer to people who embrace the language and culture Biak who reside in the Islands, Biak-Numfor themselves or who reside in overseas areas are located outside the islands.
About the history of Biak, both historical origins and history of contact with the outside world, unknown to many because it is not available a written statement. The only local source that provides information about the origins of the Biak people as well as other tribes in Papua, is a myth. According to the myth of Biak ancestor came from a region located in the east, where the sun rises. The first ancestors came to these islands by boat. There are several versions of the story was the arrival of the first ancestors. One version of the myth was told that the first ancestor of the Biak consists of a husband and wife who swept away by flood water on a boat and when the water receded back stranded on top of a hill which later was named by the two pairs of husband and wife were Sarwambo. The hill is located in the northeastern part of Biak Island (south of the village Korem now). From the hill sarwambo, mining ancestor was with her children moved to the banks of the River Korem and from this last place they meet all the breed-Numfor Biak Islands.
Further on the history of Biak contact with the outside world, either by oral stories about legendary figures Fakoki and Pasrefi and source information from Tidore note that the contact had occurred long before the first Europeans arrived in the area of Papua in the early 16th century (Kamma 1953:151). The relationship took place with residents in coastal areas north of the Bird's Head, the Raja Ampat Islands and the Moluccas Islands residents.
Biak people contacts with people outside it occurs mainly through trade and war expeditions. Evidence seen in the presence of settlements Biak people who until now can be found in various places as mentioned above. Apparently in the days before the arrival of Europeans in the islands of Maluku and Papua in the early 16th century, the Biak people had roamed to various parts of Indonesia either through trade expeditions and wars conducted by the people of Biak alone or together with its allies , for example by Tidore or with Sultanate Sultanate of Ternate. The triumph of Biak people to do various expedition disappeared in the late 15th century (Kamma 1952:151). Not long before the first Europeans arrived in the Moluccas and the Raja Ampat Islands in the early 16th century.
Resource:
Dr. J.R. Mansoben, MA
Byak ETHNIC TRADITIONAL POLITICAL SYSTEM:
Studies on Traditional Governance
Papuan Anthropology, Volume 1. No. August 3, 2003
Byak ETHNIC TRADITIONAL POLITICAL SYSTEM:
Studies on Traditional Governance
Papuan Anthropology, Volume 1. No. August 3, 2003
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar
Coment